Iraq
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Iraq's flag features horizontal stripes of red, white, and black with green Arabic script reading 'Allahu Akbar' (God is Greatest) on the white stripe. The Pan-Arab colors reflect Iraq's identity within the broader Arab world. Red represents courage, white stands for generosity, black symbolizes triumph, and green represents Islam.
The original 1963 flag had three green stars on the white stripe; these were replaced with Arabic script in 1991 in Saddam Hussein's handwriting, then changed to Kufic script in 2008.
Adopted: 2008
